Balinese people earn their livmg mostly on farming while the other occupations are: crafting (home industry), tradtng and various services mainly in tourist business. Agriculture covers farming (ricefield) and plantation. In agricultural system m Bali known a traditional institution called “Subak” as an asscociation of owners or workers who get water from the same irrigation water source or certain dam. It is also functioned as an organization of economic, social and religious of the locals with obligation of the members mainly to regulate the distribution of water, to maintain and fix up the irrigation instrument, to control pests, to do farming innovation and to prepare and organize the rituals as well.There are 1611 units of subak listed in Bali.

Settlement pattern
The structure of the Balinese settlement can be classified into two kinds : concentric pattem like that in Bali highland and spreading pattem like in Bali mainland. In concentric pattern, the traditional village (desa adat) is the central point while in spreading pattem, the village is divided into smaller social units called : banjar. Building within the Balinese settlement according to its function can be
differed into three kinds :

1. Holy building (shrine / temple)
2. Public building.
3. Family compound consisted of various kinds of constructions according to the Balinese compound pattern is rather complex.

The cultural system defining the Balinese living settlement is based on “Tri Hita Karana” conceipt as well as dual conceipt that differs two categories namely:
direction or points of the compass (north-south) in connection with upper-lower and holy disgrace (sacred-profane) concepts.Everything considered holy or sacred occupies a position on the upper
part called “hulu” at the direction of mountain or rising sun, so the location of temple or the worshipping direction is on always the upper part of a compound. On the contrary, everything considered unholy or profane will occupy the lower part (teben) that is on the south, to the direction of the sea like : cemetery, toilet, rubbish disposal, cattle stable, etc.

Traditional institution.
Traditional institution within the Balinese community known as village (desa), banjar (the smallest unit), Subak (water irigation group) and specific social group (sekeha). Desa is traditional institution formed basing on regional aspect with two conceipts known as traditional village (desa adat) and official village (desa dinas). Desa adat (traditional village) is a unit of traditional community connected by similar custom and social intercourse of Hindu Balinese from generation to generation within definitive region bound by the obligation of mamtaining the village temples called Kahyangan Tiga, with own properties to be concerned with “Tri Hita Karana” conceipt.
Official village (desa dinas) is an administrative area belong to a district. In Bali, there are 1,305 traditional villages and 612 official villages. Tri Hita Karana conceipt is a conceipt of integration of three living components towards prosperity and happiness believed by the Balinese.
The three living components are :

1. “Parhyangan” or God Almighty who grants and protects life.
2. “Palemahan”, the entire region of certain village institution.
3. “Pawongan”, human resources consisted of the whole members of
   the village concerned.

According to the structure, traditional villages in Bali (1/371) can be classified into two patterns :
1. Traditional village with centralization pattern.
2. Tratiditional village with decentralization pattern m which the village divided into several smaller-units called “banjar”/ having religious, social/ economic and cultural functions as well.There are : 3,945 banjars existing in Bali. Subak, as mentioned prevously, is an organization of land owners or landworkers having their water irrigation from the same water source or certain dam. The Subak structure is based on Tri Hita Karana concept because it has its own temple, area and members of organization.”Sekeha” is voluntarily institution formed on the base of particular objectives. There are various kinds of “Sekeha” in Bali according to its specifications such as: agriculture, home-mdustry, performing art, spiritual, etc.

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